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IBM provides a business value analyzer tool, see this link. There are some excellent published articles which describe various ROI calculation algorithms, see:. However, your question is excellent and a different question than what we asked in Chapter 2, Question It is certainty worthy of an answer. If we look at business architecture as business processes and business goals, then their absence severely compromises business and IT alignment.
However, this does not mean that organizations must have an enterprise-wide business architecture or that the business architecture must be fully elaborated in all aspects. InfoQ : In your book you are discussing different types of services, including business services, IT services, information services, or utility services. This basically means that anything that is distributed is a service and SOA is effectively a distributed computing paradigm. Should we start equating services with only business services and treat everything else as components potentially distributed?
Kerrie and Ali : SOA is more than a distributed computing paradigm although it clearly supports such a paradigm. In Chapter 3, Question 24 ,we discuss the value of classifying services.
However, reading the answer does not infer that everything that is distributed is a service. In fact, we can and do distribute components that are not services nor are they invoked or accessed using services. Business services are a classification and there should be a purpose in classifying services as business services which is the primary point in our answer.
So there may be value in expanding the classification of services beyond business services as seen in the examples in the answer to Question No, we should not treat everything as either business services or potentially distributed components. In Question 24 we go further and describe the value in classifying services. In Chapter 7, Architecture, Question 65, we answer the question of what is the difference between interfaces and contracts, which provides an answer for what is different between services and components.
Both are needed but they are different. In Chapter 5, Methods, Question 40, we describe why the use of services in addition to components is necessary for structuring the application. InfoQ : While discussing changes in system development from SOA, you have a great discussion on how an existing set of services helps build better, more reliable implementations. But what will happen in the beginning, when there are no services yet? Kerrie and Ali : We have to start a journey in order to reach a destination.
So if we look at making an application more agile and more reliable over time, we can start making this a reality when we begin the construction of the application. If we look at an application portfolio this will occur incrementally and as needed over time. So in the beginning we have our existing, as-is state with no services; it is only when we launch new projects, or when transformation initiates, that the current state evolves to the direction and vision. Organizations that change their system development methods now, versus later, will get there faster.
InfoQ : A great discussion on service identification seems to have a slight contradiction. On one hand you are talking about defining and implementing services within a given project, but then you are talking about domain decomposition and goal-based modeling and asset analysis, each of which presumes an enterprise-wide approach.
How do these two coexist? Kerrie and Ali : In Chapter 5, Methods, Question 41, we answer the question of how should services be identified. Domain decomposition, goal service modeling and asset analysis can be applied at a project level, enterprise level or hybrid.
For example, on a project, goal service modeling can be used to ascertain the strategic imperatives of the business for launching a project as well as the expected business outcomes and corresponding key performance indicators for measuring whether the outcomes were realized. Domain decomposition can be used to understand and document the to-be business processes, providing business use cases for the project; and asset analysis can be used to determine if existing services or components are available in the application portfolio or enterprise for reuse by this project.
The three complementary techniques can be used in a single project, or for enterprise-wide transformation, or in a hybrid where enterprise goals are sought under a program that has multiple projects. The service identification approach benefits from casting a net that has a larger scope such as the enterprise, but it can also operate under a more narrow domain that is confined to a project. InfoQ : Throughout the book you talk about the fact that SOA does not change applications-centric IT mentality, which seems to directly contradict with the way services should be identified and implemented.
On one hand services themselves are mini applications; on another hand, the whole purpose of SOA was to break applications silos — islands of data and automation. It seems like services for applications will leverage only SOA technologies, not SOA architectural style, while services for enterprise seem to make application obsolete.
Can you elaborate on this? Kerrie and Ali : SOA thinking and adoption can change application- centric IT mentality by focusing on services as business assets in addition to applications as business assets. SOA has a broader focus than breaking silos, including eliminating the negative aspects of silos such as the inability to access function embedded in applications or the ability to rapidly reconfigure functions locked in applications.
We encourage the use of services for both requirements management and for structuring applications such that services become first class business assets. Adoption of SOA and services will not make applications obsolete as services will most likely be packaged into applications and not all applications will adopt SOA. Services- whether lines of business, departments or at the enterprise level- will at certain adoption stages or maturity levels both adopt and leverage the SOA architectural styles and technologies.
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